hi  .3:j75 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

BDREAD  OF  PLANT  INDUSTRY— BULLETIN  NO.  179. 

B.  T.  GALLOWAY,  Chief  of  Bureau. 


&<££» 


THE  FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAS^lf 
RELATED  PLA] 


BY 

C.  V.  PIPER, 
Agrostologist  in  Charge  of  Forage-Crop  Investigations, 

AND 

S.  M.  TRACA', 
Special  Agent,  Forage-Crop  Investigations. 


6  May  19,  1910. 


U.S.  DtPOsiiOfY 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERN'  ME  NT     l'KINTI.VG     OFFICE. 

£910. 


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[Continued  on  page  3  of  cover.] 
179 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/velvetbeaOOunit 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

BDREAU  OF  PLANT  INDUSTRY-    BULLETIN  NO.  179. 

B.  T    GALLOWAY,  ' '' •■■</  of  Bureau. 


THE  FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND 
RELATED  PLANTS. 


C.  V.  PIPER, 
A. . i;<  (stoloqist  ix  Charge  op  Fob  u.k-(  !rop  I  n\  estigations, 

AND 

S.  M.  TRACY, 
Sn:<  i ai.  Agent,  Forage-Crop  [investigations. 


d  May    L9,  1910. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT     PRINTING    OFFICE. 

1  9  1  0. 


BUREAU  OF  PLANT  INDUSTRY. 


Chief  of  Bureau,  Beverly  t.  Galloway. 
Assistant  Chief  of  Bureau,  G.  Harold  Powell. 
Editor,  J.  E.  Rockwell. 
Chief  Clerk,  James  K.  Jones. 


Forage-Crop  Investigations, 
scientific  staff. 
C.  V.  Piper,  Agrostologist  in  Charge. 
J.  M.  Westgate,  Agronomist. 
R.  A.  Oakley,  Assistant  Agrostologist. 
S.  M.  Tracj  .  Sjncial  Agent. 

A.  B.  Conner,  A.  B.  Cron,  M.  W.  Evans,  Roland  McK.ee,  W.  J.  Morse,  and  II.  N.  Vinall,  Assistants. 
179 
2 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Agrigulti  re, 

Bureau  of  Plant  I  mm  stry, 

( )i  i  k  1:  of  the  Chief, 
Washington,  D.  < '.,  i'<  brum  }10. 

Sir:  r  have  the  honor  to  transmil  herewith  and  to  recommend  for 
publication  as  Bulletin  No.  L79  of  the  series  of  this  Bureau  the 
accompanying  manuscript,  entitled  "  The  Florida  Velvet  Bean  and 
Related  Plants,"  prepared  by  Messrs.  ('.  V.  Piper,  Agrostologisl  in 
Charge,  and  S.  M.  Tracy.  Special  Agent,  Forage-Crop  (investigations. 
This  paper  points  out  an  interesting  example  of  the  confusion  thai 
exists  in  the  botany  of  the  cultivated  plants,  which  has  in  this  par- 
ticular case  brought  about  the  neglect  of  a  number  of  valuable  sorts 
related  to  the  Florida  velvet  bean.  Two  of  these  species  possess 
decided  elements  of  superiority  and  will  withoul  doubt  result  in  ex- 
tending far  i"  ihe  northward  the  culture  of  this  crop,  as  well  as  in 
greatly  Increasing  its  importance.  This  paper  discusses  nine  of  the 
species  that  have  been  studied,  hut  is  to  be  considered  a  preliminary 
rather  than  an  exhaustive  publication. 

The  authors  desire  to  acknowledge  the  helpful  suggestions  and 
assistance  rendered  them  by  Mr.W.  F.Wight, Botanist, of  this  Bureau. 
Respectfully, 

(i.  H.  Powell, 
Acting  i  'hiefof  Bureau. 
Hon.  James  Wilson, 

Secretary  ofAgriculturt . 

178  3 


CONTEXTS. 


Paffe. 

Introduction 7 

Genera]  character  of  the  genus  Stizolobium 9 

Analytical  kej  to  the  species 10 

Stizolobium  deeringianum 11 

Stizolobium  capital  urn L2 

Stizolobium  utile 14 

Stizolobium  cinereum 15 

Stizolobium  oiveum 15 

Stizolobium  bassjoo 17 

Stizolobium  aterrimum I1- 

Stizolobium  pachylobium 19 

Stizolobium  velutinum 20 

Index 23 

170  5 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

Plate  I.  Seedlings  of  Mucuna  keyensis  and  Stizolobium  hassjoo 8 

II.  Mature  pods  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  capitatum  and  Stizolobium 

deeringianum 12 

III.  Mature  pods  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  cinereum  and  Stizolobium 

utile 14 

IV.  Mature  pods  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  niveum  and  Stizolobium  ater- 

rimum 16 

V.  Mature  pods  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  pachylobium  and  Stizolobium 

hassjoo 18 

VI.  Cluster  of  ripe  pods  of  fleshy-pod  bean  (Stizolobium   pachylobium).         20 
VII.  Clusters  of  green  pods  of  Mauritius  bean  (Stizolobium  aterrimum) . .         20 
179 
6 


II    P,  T 


THE  FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED 

PL 


INTRODUCTION. 

For  about  fifty  years  the  Florida  velvet  bean  lias  been  known  in 
Florida,  and  in  the  Iasl  twenty  years  has  become  of  increasing  agri- 
cultural importance.  Its  earl)  history  has  been  told  by  Mrs.  K.  S. 
Borl  in  Bulletin  No.  141,  Part  III,  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 

The  Florida  velvet  bean  i<  principally  grown  on  account  of  its 
extreme  vigor  and  the  large  quantity  of  pods  which  it  produces  per 
acre.  The  plants  are  nearly  always  utilized  by  pasturing  to  stock, 
cattle  being  tinned  into  the  fields  in  November  and  finishing  on  the 
velvet  bean  in  good  condition  for  marketing. 

The  Florida  velvet  bean  is  a  long-season  crop,  and  even  in  Florida 
has  to  he  planted  early  in  the  spring  in  order  to  mature  its  seed.  On 
this  ace. nini  an  earlier  variety  has  long  been  a  desideratum,  especially 
it'  along  with  earliness  can  be  secured  a  greater  production  of  seed  per 
acre.  For  various  reasons  the  fact  that  there  are  other  kinds  of 
Stizolobium  closely  related  to  the  Florida  velvel  bean  has  been  over- 
looked by  American  agronomists,  though  at  leasl  three  such  species 
from  India  and  Java  were  long  ago  described.  Apparently  none  of 
tlic^e,  however,  were  introduced  for  trial  in  Florida  until  1907. 

In  September,  1906,  there  were  received  from  \h\  J.  W.  Hart, 
Piracicaba,  Brazil,  seeds  of  a  species  of  Stizolobium  (S.  1'.  I.  No.  19181) 
which  differed  from  the  Florida  velvet  bean  in  having  coal-black 
shining  seeds,  and  in  February,  1907,  another  species,  with  white  seeds, 
was  received  from  .Mr.  W.  S.  Lyon,  Manila.  P.  F,  under  the  name  of 
Mum  mi  lyonii  Merrill.  These  two  lots  were  grown  in  1907  and  since. 
After  their  receipt  it  seemed  to  he  wi>e  to  endeavor  to  get  together  all 
of  the  other  species  of  this  genus  in  the  hope  of  finding  varieties  that 
would  pro\  e  earlier  or  otherwise  more  \  aluable  than  the  Florida  velvet 
bean.  Tn  the  three  years  during  which  this  effort  has  been  made,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  Office  of  Foreign  Seed  and  Plant  Introduction, 
twenty  sorts  distinct  at  least  as  to  seed  characters  have  been  obtained. 
Not  only  have  these  varieties  indicated  that  there  are  greater  possi- 
bilities in  this  group  of  plants  than  had  been  supposed,  but  an  exceed- 
118     Hull    179     L0  7 


FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

ingly  ink' resting  botanical  problem  has  been  disclosed,  as  there  are 
clearly  more  species  than  had  been  recognized  by  botanists. 

Until  the  publication  of  the  paper  previously  mentioned,0  the 
Florida  velvet  bean  had  been  known  in  this  country  under  the  name 
of  Mucuna  utilis.  Mrs.  Bort  showed  clearly  that  it  could  not  be 
the  plant  originally  described  under  that  name,  nor  could  it  be 
identified  with  any  other  described  species.  On  this  account  she 
named  and  described  the  plant  as  a  new  species,  Stizolobium  deeringia- 
num.  She  also  emphasized  the  fact  that  the  Florida  velvet  bean  and 
allied  plants  constitute  a  distinct  genus  from  Mucuna,  pointing  out 
that  the  genus  Mucuna  consists  of  perennial  plants  with  woody  stems 
and  with  a  band-like  hilum  that  extends  two-thirds  of  the  way 
around  the  seed,  or  more,  while  the  genus  Stizolobium6  consists  of 
plants  essentially  annual,  with  an  oblong-crateriform  hilum  to  the 
seed.  She  further  stated  that  Mucuna  in  germination  is  hypogeous, 
while  Stizolobium  is  epigeous.  This  last  statement  is  incorrect,  as 
both  are  hypogeous.  There  is  a  pronounced  difference,  however,  in 
the  germination.  In  Stizolobium  the  first  leaves  above  the  cotyledons 
are  a  pair  of  petioled  leaves  having  solitary  cordate  leaflets,  which 
immediately  are  followed  by  the  typical  alternate,  trifoliate  leaves  of 
the  plant.  In  Mucuna,  on  the  contrary,  the  initial  leaves  are  all 
alternate,  very  much  reduced,  and  scale-like.  These  differences  are 
well  shown  in  Plate  I,  where  the  germination  of  Mucuna  Tceyensis  is 
contrasted  with  that  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo. 

Of  the  20  forms  of  Stizolobium  obtained,  10  have  been  grown  to 
maturity  for  one  year  or  more  in  the  field,  and  several  others  in  the 
greenhouse.  The  field  work  has  been  conducted  principally  at  Biloxi, 
Miss.,  and  in  cooperation  with  the  Florida  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station  at  Gainesville,  Fla.  In  addition,  large  quantities  of  seeds  of 
the  Lyon  bean  (S.  P.  I.  No.  19979)  and  considerable  quantities  of  the 
fleshy-pod  bean  (S.  P.  I.  No.  21094)  and  of  the  Mauritius  or  Bengal 
bean  (S.  P.  I.  No.  21300)  have  been  distributed  for  field  testing. 

The  characters  by  which  the  different  species  of  Stizolobium  are 
distinguished  are  principally  in  the  pods  and  seeds;  otherwise  the 
species  are  much  alike  both  in  habit  and  foliage.  Slight  differences 
occur  in  the  leaves  and  flowers,  which,  however,  are  not  conspicuous. 
It  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  most  herbarium  material  does  not 
contain  mature  pods  that  the  distinctness  of  the  species  has  not  before 

a  Bulletin  111,  pt.  :;,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  1909. 

b  The  genus  Stizolobium  was  first  published  by  Patrick  Browne  (The  <  livil  and 
Natural  History  of  Jamaica,  1756,  p.  290)  and  based  upon  the  specie  now  known  as 
lobium  pruriens,  the  common  cowitch.  Tin-  seed  characters  by  which  Stizolo- 
bium is  distinguished  from  Mucuna  have  been  clearly  pointed  out  by  Prain  (Jour- 
nal of  tin'  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  n.  s.,  vol,  66,  L897,  p.  104.) 


Bui.  1""'    3.  U.  S.  Dep!.  of  Ag- 


Plate  I. 


Seedlings  of  Mucuna  keyensis  and  Stizolobium  hassjoo. 
edlingof  Mucuna  keyensis.  S.  P.  I.  No.  24427. 
dling  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo,  S.  I'.  I.  No.  25254. 
'■     lira]  »/.■■.  i 


GENERAL   CHARACTER    OF    11IK   GENUS   STIZOLOBIUM.  9 

been  recognized  by  botanists.  There  is  also  a  considerable  range 
as  respects  the  life  period  of  the  species,  some  being  much  earlier 
than  the  Florida  velvet  bean  and  others  much  later. 

The  pod  differences  are  displayed  in  differences  of  size,  of  shape, 
of  ridges  on  the  valves,  and  especially  in  the  character  of  the  pubes- 
cence. The  latter  character  in  the  various  forms  is  such  that  it 
seems  impossible  to  refer  them  to  a  single  species,  as  in  do  genus  of 
legumes  known  to  us  do  we  find  differences  of  this  kind  in  agricultural 
varieties  known  to  be  such.  Furthermore,  these  plants  never  seem 
to  bave  been  cultivated  sufficiently  to  give  rise  to  series  of  varieties 
such  as  are  found  in  most  cultivated  legumes.  A  number  of  the 
species  have  been  cultivated  to  a  slighl  extent  by  the  Hindus.  An- 
other specie  lobium  velutinum  (Hassk.)  (Mucuna  velutina 
Bassk.),  seems  to  be  more  or  less  extensively  cultivated  in  Java, 
[n  this  species  Hasskarl  mentions  six  varieties  differing  in  seed 
characters,  bul  calls  attention  to  no  pod  differences.  The  evidence 
at  hand  does  not  yet  justify  us  in  deciding  whether  all  of  these  are 
really  garden  varieties  or  distinct  species,  but  the  latter  conclusion 
besl  coincides  with  the  facts  thus  far  ascertained.  Still  another 
speci(  >l6bium  Tiassjoo,  is  said  to  be  extensively  cultivated  in 
Yi7.ii,  the  north  island  of  Japan.  This  lasl  is  by  far  the  earliest 
form  yet  obtained  and  will  doubtless  mature  its  seed  as  far  north  as 
Tennessee  and  North  Carolina.  From  a  single  season's  experience 
ii  seems  to  possess  unusual  merit  and  will  probably  come  into  exten- 
sive cultivation,  especially  for  growing  with  corn. 

Detailed  notes  setting  forth  the  present  knowledge  of  the  differ- 
ent forms  i>  given  in  connection  with  each  species. 

GENERAL  CHARACTER  OF  THE  GENUS  STIZOLOBIUM. 

All  of  the  stizolobiums  thus  far  grown  are  large,  annual,  much- 
branched,  twining  herbs,  the  stems  twining  in  an  opposite  direction 
from  the  hands  of  a  watch;  leaves  trifoliate,  with  large  membrana- 
ceous leaflets  shorter  than  the  petiole;  leaflets  ovate,  the  lateral  ones 
oblique,  all  mucronate,  and  attached  by  short,  fleshy,  very  pubescent 
petiolules;  stipules  small  and  lanceolate;  stipels  bristle-like;  flowers 
in  pendent,  usually  long  racemes,  the  flowers  mostly  in  groups  of 
three:  mature  pods  black,  pubescent,  marked  with  one  or  more  lon- 
gitudinal ridges,  or  these  rarely  obscure  or  wanting. 

From  an  economic  standpoint,  the  species  of  Sti/.olobiuin  may  be 
divided  into  two  groups,  those  which  have  abundant  long  stinging 
hairs  on  the  pods  and  those  which  have  few  or  no  stinging  hairs. 
The  former  also  have  stinging  hairs  on  the  calyx.  In  the  former 
category  are  to  be  placed  Stizolobium  pruriens  (L  I  Medic.  (Dolichos 
pruriens  L.),  the  cowhage  or  cowitch,  the  type  of  the  genus  which  i.s 

179 


10         FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

native  to  the  East  Indies  but  which  also  occurs  now  in  Jamaica  and 
other  West  Indian  Islands,  probably  as  an  introduction;  StizoloUum 
pruritum  (  Mucuna  prurita  Hook,  in  Wight  and  Arnott,  Prodromus 
Florae  India?  Peninsula1  Orientalis,  1834,  vol.  1,  p.  255);  and  Stizolo- 
hiitm  Tiirsuturn  (W.  and  A.)  Kuntze  (Mucuna  Mrsuta  Wight  and 
Arnott,  op.  cit.,  p.  254),  both  of  the  latter  native  to  India.  Only  one 
of  these  species  with  stinging  hairs  on  the  pods  has  matured  in  our 
trials,  namely,  S.  P.  I.  No.  25263,  Stizolobium  pruriens  (?).  None 
of  these  species  with  stinging  hairs  can  be  utilized  as  forage  crops, 
but  they  have  been  grown  with  the  idea  of  ascertaining  their  rela- 
tionship to  the  more  valuable  forms. 

All  of  the  stizolobiums  possess  something  in  the  juice,  especially 
in  the  green  pods,  which  rapidly  1  urns  black  on  exposure  to  air.  This 
substance  blackens  the  hands  and  clothing  of  workmen  cutting  vel- 
vet beans  for  hay,  which  is  occasionally  done.  It  also  causes  the 
dried  flowers  and  pods  to  become  black,  and  does  the  same  to  the 
seeds  of  white-seeded  varieties,  especially  if  gathered  too  green  or 
where  they  press  upon  each  other. 

Botanical  descriptions  and  economic  notes  concerning  nine  species 
are  presented  in  this  publication. 

ANALYTICAL  KEY  TO  THE  SPECIES. 

Pods  velvety  with  black  pubescence 

Seeds  marbled,  rarely  white,  thick,  subglobose;  pods  2.5  to  3  inches  long,  nearly 

as  thick  as  broad deerin.gia.num. 

Seeds  black,  oblong,  somewhat  flattened;  pods  flattened,  -1  to  l'»  inches  long, 

capitatum. 
Pods  pubescent,  but  the  pubescence  not  black  or  velvety. 
Pubescence  dense,  creel  or  nearly  so,  not  appressed. 

Seeds  dull  black  with  faint,  rusty  markings;  pubescence  of  pods  lawny,  utile. 

Seeds  ash  colored;  pubescence  of  pods  whitish einereum. 

Tabescence  white,  appressed. 

Flowers  while;  leaf  surface  undulate;  seeds  ash  colored niveum. 

Flowers  purple;  leaf  surface  plane. 

Pod   valves  with  the  principal  ridge  prominent,  but  secondary  ridges 
rarely  more  than  one. 
Pubescence  on  pods  rather  coarse  and  long;  leaflets  3  to  5  inches 

long,  rather  (hick;  seeds  ash  colored hassjoo. 

Pubescence  very   fine;  leaflets  larger  and   thinner;  seeds  shining 

black alt  ni in  a  in 

Pod  valves  with  a  well-developed  principal  ridge  and  two  <>r  more  sec- 
ondary ridges;  pubescence  soft. 
Seeds  flattened,  white  with  black  or  gray  spots;  pods  large,  very 
fie  by  when  green,  5  to  7  inches  long;  valves  with  3  to  5  secondary 

ridges;  pubescence  very  sparse pachylobium. 

17*) 


STIZOLOBIUM    DEERINGIANUM.  11 

STIZOLOBIUM  DEERINGIANUM. 

Si    olobium deeringianwn  Bort."    Florida velvel  bean.    (PI.  II,/>.) 

An  annual,  herbaceous,  climbing  \  ine,  Bometimes  20  meters  in  length  when  growing 
on  supports,  and  even  on  the  ground  attaining  a  length  of  from  -'  to  6  meters,  bearing 
long,  pendent  racemes  of  purple  flowers  which  produce  dark,  velvety  pods  5  or  (i 
centimeters  long.  Stems  rather  slender,  terete,  sparsely  pubescenl  with  whin-. 
appressed  hairs,  especially  on  the  rid  -        Petioles  equaling  oi  ■  ig  the  leaflets, 

pubescent  like  the  stem,  and  continued  for  2  to  I  centimeters  beyond  the  lateral 
leaflets;  Btipulea  subulate,  pubescent,  aboul  1  centimeter  long;  stipels  similar  but 
smaller;  petiolulee  about  5  millimeters  long,  stout,  very  pubescent.  Leaflets  rhom- 
l-ovate,  the  lateral  om  oblique,  membranaceous,  acuminate-cuspidate,  5  to  15 
centimeters  long,  about  half  as  broad,  sparsely  pubescent  above,  especiallj  on  the 
veins,   mere  densely   pubescent   beneath,   the  while  hairs  closely  appressed.     ln- 

ence  a  raceme  or  thyrsus  15  to  30  centimeters  long,  pendent,  bearing  5  to  30 
flowers,  usually  aboul  12;  rachis  like  the  Btem,  but  more  pubescent;  flowers  borne 
singly  or  in  twos  or  threes  on  sh  il  branchlets.     Bracts  lanceolate-subulate, 

very  pubescent,  early  fugacious.  Calyx  pubescent  within  and  without  with  short, 
white,  appressed  hairs,  2  lipped,  the  upper  lip  broadly  triangular,  the  lower  lip  3  cleft, 

;>e-  triangular-subulate,  the  middle  one  longest;  stinging  hairs  absent.     Corolla 
dark  purple,  3  to  1  centimeters  long;  standard  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  keel, 
darker  than  the  rest  of  the  flower;  wings  slightly  shorter  than  the  keel,  rather  b) 
obla  keel   straight    to  near   the   lip,    where  it   curses  sharply 

upward,  the  tip  linn  and  acute;  anthers  oi  two  sorts,  alternately  long  and  short,  the 
latter  on  much  broader  filaments;  ovarj  linear,  pubescent;  style  filiform,  pubescenl 
nearly  to  the  tip;  stigma  small.  Pods  when  mature  5  to  i;  centimeter.-  long,  turgid, 
densely  covered  with  a  soft,  nearly  black,  velvety  pubescence  without  stinging 
hairs;  valves  with  1  or  2  or  sometimes  :'>  obscure  longitudinal  ridges.  Seeds  :;  to  5 
in  each  pod,  Bubglobose,  marbled  and  speckled  with  brown  or  black,  and  sometimes 
both,  on  ash-gray  ground  color  (though  pure  gray  and.  it  is  said,  pure  Mack  occur 
rarely),  1  to  L.5  centimeter-  in  diameter.  Ililum  white,  oblong-crateriform,  less  than 
one-half  the  length  of  the  seed. 

Tltt'  leaflets  of  this  specie-  are  abruptly  mucronate  from  a.  usually 
obtuse  apex. 

Thi-  i-  the  well-known  species  which  has  been  SO  long  cultivated 
in  Florida,  lis  importance  in  late  years  has  grown  rapidly,  and  it  i- 
now  much  more  cultivated  than  ever  before.  The  principal  objection 
to  it  i-  the  long  season  required  for  maturing,  which  has  in  a  large 
measure  militated  against  it-  cultivation  farther  north.  It  will. 
however,  make  a  \er\  large  growth  of  vine-  a-  far  north  a-  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  but  rarely  matures  it >.  seed  north  of  Florida.  It  i- 
not-  well  adapted  as  a  hay  plant  on  accounl  of  it-  extreme  vinine>s, 
and  where  it  doc-  not  produce  pods  is  of  only  limited  usefulne 
bike  all  of  the  stizolobiums  it  is  absolutely  immune  to  the  wilt  which 
affect-  -o  many  other  legumes  and  also  to  root-knot  caused  In 
nematode-.  In  all  of  the  time  this  planl  ha-  been  under  cult  i  vat  ion  in 
Florida   the   only    variant    produced    is  one    having  whit."   or   nearly 

•  Bulletin  111,  pt.  3,  Bureau  oi  Plant  Industry,  1901),   p.  31. 
17'.' 


12  FLORIDA    VELVET    BEAN    AND   RELATED   PLANTS. 

white  seeds,  apparently  being  identical  in  all  other  respects  with  the 
ordinary  form  having  mottled  seeds. 

The  original  source  of  this  species  has  never  yet  been  determined, 
though  in  all  probability  it  comes  from  southern  Asia  or  some 
island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.  It  has  been  widely  distributed 
throughout  the  world  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Seed  which  is  undoubtedly  the  progeny  of  such  distributions  has 
been  obtained  from  Saigon,  Cochin  China  (S.  P.  I.  No.  25261),  and 
also  from  Poona,  India  (S.  P.  I.  No.  25715).  On  account  of  the  wide 
distribution  winch  has  been  made  of  the  seed  of  this  species,  it  will 
be  rather  difficult  to  ascertain  its  exact  place  of  nativity,  which  can 
probably  be  determined  only  by  finding  the  plant  growing  under 
conditions  where  it  is  undoubtedly  wild. 

STIZOLOBITJM  CAPITATUM. 

Stizolobium  capitatum  (Roxburgh)  Kuntze.     (PI.  II,  A.) 
Carpopogon  capitatum.  Roxburgh,  Flora  Indica,  1832,  vol.  3,  p.  284. 
Mucuna  capitata  Wight  and  Arnott,  Prodromus  Florse  Peninsulas 
Indise  Orientalis,  1834,  p.  255. 

Roxburgh's  original  description  is  as  follows: 

Annual,  twining.     Heads  axillary,  subsessile.     Legumes  armed  with  soft  velvet- 
like down. 
Teling.    Soorootoo. 

This  I  have  only  found  in  a  cultivated  stale,  and  that  during  the  cold  season,  in  the 
gardens  of  the  natives.     It  is  an  annual. 

Stem  herbaceous,  twining,  branchy,  running  to  an  extent  of  10  to  12  feet,  if  sup- 
ported; young  shoots  slightly  downy.  Leaves  termite.  Leaflets  equal  in  size,  the 
exterior  ones  ovate,  about  3  inches  long  and  2  broad,  the  lateral  ones  obliquely 
cordate;  all  are  entire  and  obtuse,  above  smooth,  a  little  downy  underneath.  Stipules 
of  the  petioles  axillary,  short,  many  flowered.  Bracts,  flowers,  stamens,  and  pistil 
as  in  C.  pruriens.  Legumes  cylindric,  depending,  a  little  curved,  about  as  thick  as 
the  forefinger  or  thumb,  and  about  6  inches  long,  covered  with  soft,  velvet-like 
down;  when  ripe  wrinkled  longitudinally.  Seeds  five  or  six,  of  the  size  of  a  small 
garden  bean,  smooth,  shining,  black. 

The  young  pods  like  those  of  Dolichos  lignosus  and  lablab  are  used  by  the  natives 
in  their  curries,  after  rubbing  off  the  down  that  covers  them. 

Pods  9  to  10  cm.  long,  about  IV  cm.  wide,  strongly  falcate,  much 
compressed,  mostly  four  seeded;  valves  with  a  strong  central  ridge 
extending  from  near  the  base  to  the  tip,  a  secondary  ridge  usually 
present  extending  for  the  upper  third;  pubescence  identical  with 
thai  of  Stizolobium  deeringianum,  dense,  soft,  nearly  black,  the  Larger 
hairs  lipped  with  white;  seeds  oblong,  glossy,  black,  with  or  without 
fainl  brownish  markings,  8  by  15  mm.,  the  white  ltiluni  5  mm. 
long. 

179 


Bui.  179,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  U    S.  D.p: 


Plate  II. 


Mature  Pods  and  Seeds  of  Stizolobium  capitatum  and  Stizolobium  deerinqianum. 

-1.  Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  cnpitatum    seeds,  black  i,  S.  P.  I.  No  22464    \ 
/:.   Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  deeringtanum,  S.  P.  I.  Ni>.  2 
i  Natural 


STIZOLOBIUM    CAPI1  V.TUM.  1  3 

Seed  S.  1'-  I.  No.  25120  A)  representing  this  species  was  obtained 
from  Maj.  A.  T.  <  rage,  superintendent  of  the  R03  al  Botanical  Garden, 
Calcutta,  British  India.  This  seed  was  mixed  with  S.  P.I.  No.  25120, 
lobium  utile,  from  the  same  place.  At  Gainesville,  Fla.,  this 
same  species  was  mixed  with  S.  P.  1.  No.  22464,  Stizolobium  utile, 
obtained  through  Mr.  A.  C.  Hartless,  superintendent  of  the  Govern- 
ment Botanic  Garden,  Seharanpur,  British  India,  under  the  name 
of  Hucuna  capitata.  As  the  seeds  of  these  two  species  are  much 
alike,  the  mixture  was  in  each  case  probably  accidental. 

This  species  is  the  only  one  having  pod  pubescence  of  the  type 
found  on  the  Florida  velvet  bean,  but  the  pods  and  seeds  are  very 
different.  At  Biloxi,  Miss.,  and  Gainesville,  Fla.,  it  matures  its 
pods  in  about  the  same  length  of  time  as  the  Florida  velvet  bean, 
and  probably  is  of  about  the  same  agronomic  value. 

Later  botanical  writers  have  made  various  comments  on  Rox- 
burgh's species.  Wight  and  Arnott  (Prodromus  Floras  Peninsulas 
India'  Orientalis,  1834,  p.  255)  quote  the  herbarium  name  of  Rox- 
burgh, Dolichos  soorootoo,  from  an  unpublished  drawing  in  the 
herbarium  at  Calcutta  and  also  identify  the  plant  questionably  with 
Rumphius's  Cacara  nigra,  Plate  L38,  published  in  the  Herbarium 
Amboinense.  The  flowers  as  indicated  on  Rumphius's  plate  are 
vet\  different  from  those  of  any  Stizolobium,  while  the  pods  resemble 
closely  those  of  Pachyrhizus  angulatus.  The  drawing  of  the  seed, 
however,  indicate-  a  typical  Stizolobium.  We  are  unable  satis- 
factorily to  identify  this  plate.  Wight  and  Arnott  also  state  that 
they  have  examined  specimens  collected  by  Klein,  obtained  from 
the  Missionaries'  Garden.  Baker,  in  Hooker  (Flora  of  British  India, 
vol.  _',  p.  187),  also  refers  Mucuna  velutina  flassk.  to  this  species,  a 
reference  which  we  consider  erroneous.  A  similar  reference  is  also 
made  by  Miquel  (Flora  van  Nederlandsch  Indie,  vol.  1,  p.  212). 
Miquel  also  refers  with  doubt  to  this  species  the  plant  described  by 
Rumphius  in  Herbarium  Amboinense  as  Cacara  nigra.  In  this  he 
apparently  follows  Wighl  and  Arnott 

There  could  seem  to  be  little  doubt  regarding  the  identity  of  this 
species  as  based  on  Roxburgh's  ample  description  and  From  the 
further  fact  that  this  plant  has  been  received  from  Calcutta,  the  type 
locality.  It  does  not  seem  likely  that  Roxburgh's  original  plant  is 
Stizolobium  utile,  as  the  pubescence  on  the  pods  of  that  could  scarcely 
be  called  velvety.  The  species  is  perfectly  distinct  in  its  pod  char- 
acters, in  which  respeel  it  can  onlj  be  associated  with  the  Florida 
velvet  bean,  which  has  pods  of  very  different  shape  and  seeds  of 
different  shape  and  color. 
179 


14  FLORIDA   VELVET    BEAN    AND    RELATED    PLANTS. 

STIZOLOBIXJM  UTILE. 

Stizolobiurn  utile  (Wall.)  n.  comb.   (PL  III,  B). 

Mucuna   utilis  Wall.  (Wight,   Icones  Plantorum    India?  Orientalis, 

1840,  vol.  2,  p.  280). 

Wight  publishes  an  excellent  plate  of  this  plant,  which  has  been 
reproduced  in  Bulletin  No.  141  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry, 
page  28.     The  only  description  given  by  Wight  is  as  follows: 

Mucuna  utilis  (Wall.  MSS.).  The  principal  difference  of  this  species,  if  indeed  a 
species,  and  M.  prurila  consists  in  the  hairs  of  its  legumes  being  appressed  and  almost 
silky,  not  erect,  rigid,  and  stinging.  In  all  other  respects  they  sufficiently  agree. 
The  flowers  in  both  are  purple.  The  greater  size  of  this  is  probably  attributable  to 
cultivation,  in  which  state  only  it  is  known. 

Voigt  (Hortus  Suburbanus  Calcuttensis,  1S45,  p.  235)  identifies 
the  plant  with  "the  variety  extensively  cultivated  in  the  Mauritius 
and  Van  Diemen's  Land  as  a  table  vegetable  and  also  as  a  fodder 
for  cattle."  This  plant  is  the  variety  with  black,  shiny  seeds  com- 
monly known  as  Mauritius  bean.  Voigt  also  gives  the  name  "Pois 
noir  de  Bourbon."  Cordemoy  (Flore  de  File  de  la  Reunion,  1895, 
p.  393)  accepts  this  identification.  This  author  states  that  the 
plant  on  the  island  of  Reunion  is  known  under  the  name  of  "Pois 
mascate."  He  also  gives  a  detailed  description  of  the  plant,  which 
he  states  was  imported  into  Reunion  to  serve  for  breeding  purposes, 
but  is  now  naturalized.  We  should  be  inclined  to  accept  this  identi- 
fication if  it  were  not  for  two  facts.  First,  Wallich's  figure  indicates 
more  pubescence  on  the  pod  than  occurs  in  the  Mauritius  bean  and 
the  pubescence  is  not  closely  appressed;  secondly,  we  have  obtained 
from  Maj.  A.  T.  Gage,  superintendent  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at 
Calcutta,  seeds  of  two  species  of  Stizolobiurn  now  being  grown  in 
the  garden  at  Calcutta.  One  of  these  is  Stizolobiurn  capitatum, 
already  described;  the  other  is  the  species  which  we  feel  confident 
is  the  same  plant  that  Wallich  has  figured.  It  is  very  different 
from  the  Mauritius  bean  in  that  the  pod  is  densely  covered  with 
tawny  pubescence  which  is  not  appressed.  The  following  is  a 
detailed  description: 

Stems  stout,  growing  30  to  50  feet  long,  striate  and  furrowed,  pubescent  with  fine 
retrorse  hairs;  leaflets  plane,  ovate,  5  to  8  inches  long,  mostly  obtuse,  mucronate, 
puberulent  on  both  sides  with  fine  appressed  hairs;  racemes  9  to  15  inches  long; 
calyx  saccate,  pubescent  without  and  within,  with  tine  white  appressed  hairs,  the 
upper  lobe  triangular,  blunt  or  notched,  the  lower  lobe  onedialf  longer  than  (he  lateral 
lobes;  corolla  dark  purple,  I J  inches  long,  the  wings  broad;  ovary  densely  pubescent 
with  white  and  purple  hairs;  pods  flattened,  '■'>]  to  41  inches  long,  densely  pubescent 
with  short,  erect  or  ascending  tawny  hairs  with  a  few  purple  ones  interspersed;  lateral 
ridge  strong,  more  or  less  broken,  extending  nearly  the  length  of  the  valves;  Beeds 
oblong,  rather  thick,  12  to  14  mm.  long,  dull  black,  faintly  marked  with  brown  flecks, 
the  veins  invisible. 

17!> 


,    U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  I! 


Mature  Pods  and  Seeds  of  Stizolobium  cinereum  and  Stizolobium  utile. 

i.  Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  einereum,  S.  P.  I.  So. ; 
/.'.  Pod  mid  seeds  of  Stizolobium  i  Is   dull  black),  S.  P.  I.  No.  22464. 


STIZOLOBIUM    X  1  \  1  I  15 

This  i  S.  P.  1.  No.  25120,  obtained  from  Maj.  A.  T.  Gage,  super- 
intendent of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Calcutta,  British  India.  Identical 
wit  1 1  it  is  S.  P.  I.  No.  22464,  from  Mr.  AC.  Hartlcss, superintendent 
of  the  Governmenl  Botanic  Garden,  Seharanpur,  British  India. 

This  species  has  been  grown  for  two  seasons  at  Biloxi,  Mi^s.,  and 
Gainesville,  Fla.  It  matures  with  the  Florida  velvet  bean  and  is 
about  as  productive.  The  pubescence  on  the  pods,  however,  is  rather 
harsh,  rubs  off  easily,  and  is  irritating  to  the  skin.  On  this  account 
it  will  doubtless  not  be  found  desirable  for  cultivation. 

STIZOLOBIUM  CINEREUM. 

Stizolobium  cinereum  n.  sp.     Ashy-pod  bean.     (PI.  Ill,  .1.) 

Stems  stout,  growii  i0  feet  long,  furrowed,  covered  with  a  line,  harsh  pubes- 

the  hairs  not  retrorse;  leaflets  plane,  broadly  ovate,  mostly  obtuse,  mucronate, 

ng,  pubescenl  on  both  sides  with  appressed  white  hairs,  especially 

ith;  raceme-  'i  to  L5  inches  lmi<j;;  calyx  saccate,  silky  with  while  appressed  hairs 

without,  less  so  within;  corolla  dark  purple,   l|  inches  long;  pods  flattened,   1  to  \\ 

inches  long,  densely  pubescent  with  short  ereel  or  ascending  white  hairs:   median 

ridge  prominent,  complete,  'he  secondary  irregular,  varying  from  continuous  to  broken 

or  sometimes  wanting;  seeds  oblong,  ash  colored,  the  ends  often  black,  veiny,  about 

15  mm.  long. 

This  species  has  been  grown  for  two  seasons  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  and 
Gainesville,  Fla.  It  matures  with  the  Florida  velvet  bean,  hut  is  no 
more  prolific  and  the  hairs  are  irritating. 

This  is  S.  P.  I.  No.  22463,  from  Mr.  A.  C.  Hartless,  superintendent 
of  the  Governmenl   Botanic  Garden,  Seharanpur.  British   India. 

STIZOLOBIUM  NIVEUM. 

Stizolobium  ni'->n/,,   (Roxburgh)  Kuntze.     Lyon  bean.     (PI.  IV,  .1.) 
Carpopogon  niveum  Roxburgh  (Flora  [ndica,  1832,  vol.  :;.  p.  285). 
Mucuna  nivea  Wight  and  Arnott  (Prodromus  Floras  India*  Peninsulas 
Orient  alis,  L834,  p.  255  . 

Mucuna  lyoni  Merrill  (Philippine  Journal  of  Science,  Supplement  I, 
1906,  p.  197 

Roxhnr<ih's  original  description  i-  as  follows: 

Annual,  twining.  Racemes  pendulous.  Legumes  from  six  to  eighl  seeded,  while 
young  downy;   when  old  destitute  of  down  and  wrinkled. 

Bengal  Khamach. 

Like  Carpopogon  capitatum,  I  have  only  found  this  in  a  cultivated  -tale,  and  even 
then  very  uncommon,  having  seen  it  1ml   in  one  or  two  -aniens  near  Calcutta;  how- 
ever, if  it  is  not  indigenous  in  Bengal,  it  must  have  been  long  known  to  the  natives, 
not  only  on  account  of  their  having  a  vernacular  name  for  it.  Kut  because  it  i 
by  them,  as  a  Hindoo  requires  a  Ion-  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  any  article  he 
fore  he  makes  it   a  pari   of  his  diet        Pot  itoes  they   must   have  known  (ifty   \  i 
more  before  they  began  to  admit  them  at  their  tables. 
it;  i 


16         FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  the  plant  is  cultivated  during  the  cold  season,  when  it  blossoms 
and  produces  fruit  in  great  abundance. 

Root  ramous,  generally  annual,  though  in  some  soils  it  lasts  longer.  Stem  twining 
to  an  extent  of  some  fathoms,  very  ramous  and  thick,  but  of  a  spongy,  succulent 
nature,  young  shoots  a  little  villous.  Leaves  ternate.  Leaflets  entire,  the  pair 
nearly  semicordate,  the  terminal  one  rhomboidal;  all  have  short  acute  points  and 
are  nearly  equal  in  size,  of  a  soft  delicate  texture  and  slightly  villous  on  both  sides; 
from  4  to  10  inches  long.  Petioles  round,  slightly  villous,  from  6  to  12  inches  long. 
Stipules  lanceolate.  Racemes  axillary,  solitary,  pendulous,  often  as  long  or  even 
longer  than  the  leaves,  bearing  numerous,  three-fold,  pendulous,  very  large  white 
flowers.  Bracts  fourfold,  a  common  one  to  each  tubercle  of  the  racemes,  on  which 
the  three  flowers  are  inserted,  and  one  to  each  of  the  proper  pedicels,  all  arc  caducous, 
nearly  lanceolate,  and  villous.  Calyx  four  parted.  The  upper  division  broad  and 
emarginate;  the  lower  one  narrowest  and  more  lengthened  than  the  lateral  pair. 
Corol  papilionaceous.  Banner  cordate,  incumbent  on  the  wings  and  keel,  and  about 
half  their  length.  Wings  oblong,  with  a  remarkable  callous  gland  near  the  base  of 
each.  Keel  one  petalled,  linear,  length  of  the  wings,  with  a  sharp,  rigid,  incurved 
point.  Nectary  a  crenulate  gland  round  the  insertion  of  the  germ.  Filament-  one 
and  nine,  alternately  clavate  and  filiform,  with  long  linear,  subsagittate  anthers  on 
the  slender  filaments,  and  short-ovate  ones  on  the  clavate  ones.  Germ  hairy.  Stj  Le 
slender  and  villous.  Stigma  small.  Legume  linear,  about  6  inches  long,  curved  ;i 
little  like  an  italic  S  when  ripe,  black,  destitute  of  down,  and  longitudinally  wrinkled. 
Seeds  generally  from  six  to  eight,  oval,  smooth,  ash  colored,  and  separated  by  thin 
partitions. 

By  removing  the  exterior  velvet-like  skin  of  the  large,  fleshy,  tender  legumes,  they 
are  when  dressed,  like  French  beans  (Phaseolus  vulgaris),  a  most  excellent  vegetable 
for  our  tables,  and  the  full-grown  beans  are  scarcely  inferior  to  the  large  garden  beans 
of  Eurojie. 

We  identify  as  this  species  S.  P.  I.  No.  24936,  obtained  through  Mr. 
C.  Drieberg,  of  the  Ceylon  Agricultural  Society,  Colombo,  Ceylon. 
which  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  and  Gainesville,  Fla.,  proved  indistinguishable 
from  Mucuna  lyonii  (S.  P.  I.  No.  19979)  obtained  from  the  Philip- 
pines. The  original  specimens  of  Mucuna  lyonii  came  from  Pam- 
panga  Province,  Luzon,  there  culled  "Sabual."  This  is  the  only 
species  obtained  by  us  with  ash-colored  seeds  thai  has  white  flowers. 
Wight  and  Arnott,"  in  discussing  Mucuna  capitata,  comment  as 
follows : 

M.  niveum,  I).  ('.  (Curpopogon  niveum,  Roxb.  in  East  India  Company,  mus.  tab. 
1601)  is  a  species  very  closely  allied,  but  differs  by  the  long  drooping  racemes  and  the 
legumes  when  ripe,  entirely  free  from  pubescence;  it  likewise  is  only  known  as  a 
cultivated  plant 

Watt's  Dictionary  of  the  Economic  Products  of  India,  1891,  vol.  5, 
p.  285,  comments  as  follows: 

Met  with  in  Burma  and  Bengal,  perhaps  only  a  cultivated  variety  of   .1/ 
prur'n  ns. 

I  iiltivated  during  the  cold  season  for  the  Bake  of  its  abundant  and  useful  fruit. 
The  large,  fleshy,  tender  legumes  have  long  been  known  and  valued  as  a  vegetable 
by  the  Hindus,  and,  according  to  Roxburgh,  are,  when  dressed,  like  French  beans, 
a  most  excellent  vegetable  for  European  tables. 

'tip.  cit.,  p.  255 

17'.! 


Bui.  17 J,  Bu  •    U.  S.  Dcpt.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  IV. 


1 

• 

m  €> 

e> 

r  1 

{ e 

jfg£  *^V 

1 

% 

B 

Mature  Pods  and  Seeds  of  Stizolobium  niveum  and  Stizolobium  aterrimum. 

.i.  Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  niveum,  S.  P.  I.  ' 

/;.  Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  aterrimum  i  seeds,  shining  black  l,  S.  P.  I.  N 


SI  'l/i '.KM    BASSJOO.  17 

Watt  also  states  thai  the  vernacular  names  in  use  in  Bengal  are 
"Khamach"  and  "Alkushi."  Firminger  (Manual  of  Gardening  for 
I  lulia,  p.  133)  says:  "To  me  the  beans  seem  to  partake  rather  of  the 
agreeable  flavor  of  the  Lima  bean,  and  afford  a  very  nice  dish  during 
tin'  latter  fin  I  of  tin'  rain  season."  Baker  in  I  looker  (Mora  of  British 
1 1 1 < I i ; i .  vol.  -.  p.  188)  quotes  \Iucuna  nigra  Ham.  (in  Wall.  Cat. 
5617)  as  a  synonym,  but  neither  description  nor  citation  accompanies 
i he  publication  of  t hal  name. 

The  Lyon  bean  has  now  keen  cultivated  in  Florida  and  other 
Southern  States  for  three  years.  It  requires  about  the  same  length 
of  time  to  mature  as  the  Florida  velvet  bean,  or  is  perhaps  slightly 
earlier.  It  is,  however,  much  more  prolific  in  seed  production  and 
is  therefore  likely  to  come  into  prominent  use.  Besides  its  greater 
productivity  it  has  the  advantage  over  the  Florida  velvet  bean 
of  being  wholly  devoid  of  stinging  hairs.  The  leaf  surface,  unlike 
any  other  species  known  to  us,  is  decidedly  undulate',  so  that  the 
plant  can  readily  be  recognized  even  before  it  blooms.  The  vine 
i^  fully  as  ornamental  as  the  Florida  velvet  bean  and  should  become 
a  popular  arbor  plant ,  especially  if  t  he  seeds  are  as  edible  as  indicated 
l>\   Roxburgh  and  ol hers. 

Prof.  P.  II.  Rolfs,  of  the  Florida  Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 
and  live  other  persons  tested  the  edibility  of  the  seeds  prepared  as 
baked  beans.  While  they  were  found  to  be  very  palatable,  they  caused 
both  purging  and  vomiting.  Three  of  the  persons  who  ate  about 
half  as  much  of  the  dish  as  they  would  of  ordinary  baked  beans  were 
thus  affected.  The  other  three  who  ate  of  them  very  sparingly 
suffered  no  ill  effects. 

The  pods  and  seeds  of  this  species  are  well  represented  in  Plate 
1\  .  .1.      The  flower  clusters  are  longer  than  In  any  other  species. 

STIZOLOBITJM  HASSJOO. 

SHzolobium  hassjoo  n.  sp.     Yokohama  bean.     (PI.  V,  B.) 

Vines  slender,  6  to  20  feel  long, sparsely  pubescenl  with  retrorsewhite  hairs:  leaflets 
ovate,  acutish,  abruptly  mucronate,  rather  thick  ami  firm  in  texture,  plain',  t  to  5 
inches  long,  Bparsely  pubescent  on  each  face  with  while  appressed  hairs;  racemes  t 

mg;  flowers  dark  purple;  calyx  saccate,  the  lower  Lol ae-half  Longer 

than   the  lateral  ones,  pubescent  without   and  within;  corolla  \\ 

inch  i  to  ll  inches  long,  5  to  6  seeded,  covered  with  rather  long  while 

appressed  pub  median   ridge  prominent,  the  secondaries  faint  or  wanting; 

ash  colored,  often  blackish  at  the  ends,  oblong,  flattened,  L5  to  is  nun.  long,  the 
vein-  of  the  testa  very  obscure. 

This  is  S.  p.  I.  No.  25254,  obtained  from  the  Yokohama  Nurserj 

Company,   Yokohama,  Japan,   who  state  thai   this  plant   is  widely 

wn  in    Hokkaido  or   Y/ezo,   the  north   island   of  Japan.     In   the 

"Useful  Plants  of  Japan,"  is'.*."),  page  9,  where  it  is  erroneously  iden- 

17'.' 


18         FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  A.ND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

tified  with    Mucuna  capitata  Wight   and  Arnott,  the  following  infor- 
mation is  given : 

Jap.  Osharaku-mame,   Hassho-mame;  an  annual  leguminous  climber  cultivated  in 

• imon  dry  land.     The  young  soft  grains  are  eaten  boiled  and  have  a  taste  of  Viria 

faba  L.,  but  this  bean  contains  a  poisonous  ingredient  in  a  slight  quantity;  so  it  is 
advisable  to  cat  moderately. 

Stizolobium  hassjoo  is  by  far  the  earliest  species  known  to  us. 
Planted  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  April  19,  1009,  it  was  perfectly  mature  and 
dry  on  September  20;  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  it  was  fully  mature  by  Sep- 
tember 27,  having  been  planted  on  May  1 ;  at  Monetta,  S.  C,  it  was 
planted  June  15  and  the  pods  were  mature  enough  to  ripen  when  the 
vines  were  killed  by  frost  on  October  25;  at  the  Arlington  Experi- 
mental Farm,  near  Washington,  D.  C,  it  was  in  full  bloom  on  October 
12,  having  been  planted  on  June  21.  The  individual  plant  will  cover 
a  plat  3  to  4  feet  square,  which  will  indicate  the  proper  distance  to 
plant. 

This  species  was  also  grown  at  Manhattan.  Ivans.,  in  1890  under  the 
name  Mucuna  capitata,  by  Prof.  C.  C.  Georgeson.  From  seed  planted 
May  19  the  plant  began  to  bloom  August  7  and  matured  a  few  pods 
before  frost." 

This  plant  is  mentioned  by  Siebold  (Verhandelingen  van  het 
Bataviaasch  Genootschap,  1830,  vol.  12,  p.  55)  under  the  name 
Dolichos  lias* joo,  and  the  Japanese  name  "  Hassjoomame"  is  cited, 
but  no  description  given.  We  have  thought  it  best,  however,  to  use 
the  same  specific  name. 

STIZOLOBIUM  ATERRIMITM. 

Stizolobium  aterrimum  n.  sp.     Mauritius  or  Bengal  bean.     (PI.  IV,  II, 
and  PL  VII.) 

Vine  very  strong  and  vigorous,  the  stem  striate  hut  scarcely  furrowed,  covered  with 
a  soft,  sparse  pubescence;  leaflets  very  large,  plane,  mostly  acute,  strongly  mucronate, 
pat  ely  appressed-pubescent  on  each  side;  racemes  pendent,  18  to  HO  inches  long, 
many  flowered;  flowers  purple;  calyx  not  saccate,  densely  appressed-pubescenl  with- 
out and  within;  pods  falcate,  about  4  inches  lon<j;,  black  when  mature,  sparsely  cov- 
ered with  a  short,  white,  appressed  pubescence;  median  ridge  on  valves  prominent 
hut.  sometimes  broken;  secondary  ridge  faint  or  wanting;  seeds  four  or  five,  oblong, 
black,  very  shiny,  10  to  12  mm.  long,  the  prominent  hilum  white. 

This  species  is  apparently  much  more  widely  cultivated  than  any 
other  and  has  been  obtained  from  the  following  sources: 

S.  1'.  1.  Nos.  19181  and  21300,  from  Piracicaba,  Brazil. 

S.  I'.  I,  Xo,   22031,   from  Sydney.    New   South   Wales,   under  the  name 

"  Black  Mauritius  bean." 
s.  I'.  I.  No.  22032,  from  Kamerunga,  Queensland,  Australia,  under  the 

name  "Black  Mauritius  bean." 

a  See  Kansas  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bulletin  19,  December,  1890,  p.  199. 
IT'.t 


Bui.  179,  Bun  .    U    S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  V. 


Mature  Pods  and  Seeds  of  Stizolobium  pachylobium  and  Stizolobium  hassjoo. 

A,  Pod  and  seeds  of  Stizolobium  pachylobium,  S.  P.  I    No.  210 
It,  i  ds  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo,  S.  P   1    No   .  ■_•".  l 

Natural  • 


-  i  [ZOLOBIUM    PACHYLOBIUM.  19 

S.  P.  I.  No.  25262,  from  Saigon,  Cochin  China. 
S    P    i    No.  24922,  from  Saij  in  China. 

S    I'    1    V     25870,  from  Barbados,  under  the  name  "Bengal  bean." 

P.  I.  No.  25755,  from  Mauritius. 
S.  P.  I.  N      21951,  from  Buitenzorg,  Java. 
S    P.  I    No  21953,  from  Buitenzorg,  Java. 
-    P.  I.  No.  24935,  from  Colombo,  Ceylon. 

This  species  is  also  grown  in  Hawaii  under  the  name  of  Mauritius 
bean,  and  has  been  obtained  from  Brazil  under  the  name  of  Horse- 
K\  e  bean. 

Both  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  and  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  this  species  grows 
to  a  much  larger  size  than  the  Florida  velvel  bean,  bul  is  much  later, 
so  thai  the  pods  barely  mature.  On  account  of  its  extreme  lateness 
it  is  not  at  all  likely  that  it  will  be  of  value  under  American  condi- 
tions. In  Barbados  Mr.  John  Ei,  Bovell,  the  Superintendent  of  Agri- 
culture, writes  thai  it  is  grown  to  only  a  small  extent  for  green  ma- 
nuring. He  has  never  known  it  to  he  used  for  fodder  or  as  human 
food. 

In  Mauritius,  according  to  Director  P.  Boname,  of  the  agricultural 
station  at  Eteduit,  the  Florida  velvet  bean  has  proved  to  be  much 
lev.  luxuriant  and  valuable. 

As  already  stated,  this  plant  was  identified  by  Vbigl  as  the  Mucuna 
nt'ilis  of  Wallich.  For  the  reasons  given  in  the  discussion  under 
Stizolobium  utile,  we  regard  this  identification  as  erroneous.  There 
i-  still  slighl  room  for  doubt  in  connection  with  this  matter,  which, 
howe\  er,  can  only  be  cleared  up  by  comparison  with  the  original  type. 

STIZOLOBIUM  PACHYLOBIUM. 

olobium   pachyloHum   n.  sp.     Fleshy-pod  bean.      (PI.  V,  A,  and 

PI.  VI.) 

Vinesstout,  10  to  60  feel  long;  stems  sparsely  pubescent  with  sofl  white  hairs;  leaf- 
lets :>  to  7  inches  long,  mostly  acute,  cuspidate,  sparsely  appressed-puberulenl  on 
both  Bidi  11)  i  □  the     eins  beneath;  racemes  1  i<>  2  feel  long,  the  peduncle 

often  bearing  a  small  leaf;  flowers  dark   purple,    II   inches  long;  calyx  appressed- 
puberulenl  without  and  within,  die  lower  lube  little  exceeding  the  laterals;  pods 
large,  ■">  to  7  inches  long,  very  fleshy  when  green,  sparsely  puberulent  with  weak  while 
hairs,  black  and  Blightly  falcate  when  mature,  somewhat  compressed,  the  val 
mostly  having  two  complete  longitudinal  ridges  and  several  secondary  ones;  -■ 
much  flattened,  is  to  22  mm.  long,  while  with  scattered  black  or  gray  spots. 

The  original  seed  of  tins,  S.  P.  1.  No.  21094,  was  presented  to  the 
Department   by  Mr.  J.  ('.  Vaughan,  of  Chicago. 

It  was  sent  to  him  by  Mr.  A.  I..  Kcnnan,  from  Talgarh,  Midnapiir, 
India,  who  writes:  "The  spotted  bean  is  very  productive,  hut  is 
cultivated  to  a  very  limited  extent  by  the  Santals,  one  of  the  aborigi- 
nal tribes  of  India.     They  cook  the  green  pods  and  also  the  ripened 

Is,    hut    do    n,,!    like   ell  her   \  ei -\     well.  " 
L79 


20         FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

This  has  larger  seeds  than  any  other  species,  and  the  pods  also 
are  the  largest  and  least  pubescent.  It  requires,  unfortunately,  a 
longer  season  than  the  Florida  velvet  bean  by  at  least  a  month. 
Some  of  the  clusters  of  pods  of  this  bean  measure  3  feet  in  length 
and  bear  over  50  pods. 

The  edibility  of  the  pods  and  seeds  has  been  tested  by  Mr.  S.  H. 
Gaitskill,  of  Mcintosh,  Fla.,  who  writes: 

We  have  been  giving  the  fleshy-pod  velvet  bean  a  trial.  I  could  not  get  the  negroes 
to  try  it  until  I  had  eaten  it  and  had  Mr.  Dedman  try  it ;  then  the  negroes  tried  it.  I 
do  not  consider  it  a  fine-flavored  bean,  but  has  no  bad  taste;  in  fact,  is  quite  palatable, 
and  there  were  no  bad  effects  al  all.     I  would  call  it  an  edible  bean. 

We  found  the  bean  better  than  the  pod,  and  it  might  be  that  it  would  be  more 
palatable  to  let  them  get  fairly  ripe  and  use  them  as  shelled  beans. 

An  important  characteristic  in  which  this  species  differs  from  the 
others  is  that  the  pods  do  not  dehisce  at  maturity,  but  the. pods  can 
be  broken  in  pieces  without  the  valves  separating.  This  character 
will  very  likely  be  valuable  in  crossing  with  the  Lyon  bean  and  others 
which  dehisce  rather  too  easily  and  thus  shatter  seed. 

STIZOLOBIUM  VELUTINUM. 

Stizolobium  velutinum  (Hassk.)  n.  comb. 

Mucuna  velutina  Hassk.      (Beiblatter,  p.  77,   to  Flora,  25th  year, 
1842,  vol.  2.) 

The  original  description  is  as  follows: 

Mucuna  velutina.  Nom.  sund.  Kwas  boddas. 

Legumina  lamellis  transversis  fere  distituta: — Racemis  abreviatis  6—4,  5  poll. 
long.  0,  5  pll.  crassis  densissime  velutinis  subtereti-oblongis  apice  curvatis  6-loculatis, 
seminibus  compressis; — foliolis  (lateralibus  oblique-)  ovatis  mucronulatis  utrinque 
pilis  adpressis  minutissimus  sparsis  (in  junioribus  &  calyce  sericeis);  corolla  alba. 
Caulis  volubilis,  petioli  pedales,  stipellae  subulatae, — Spec,  intermedia  M.  mitem 
inter  &  mollem  DC.     Prdr.  II.  405. 

Hasskarl  later  published  a  modified  description  (Catalogue  Plant a- 
rum  in  Horto  Botanico  Bogoriensi,    1844,  p.  277),  as  follows: 

Mucuna  velutina.  Kwas. 

Floribua  racemosis,  bracteis  Bubnullis,  leguminibus  densissime  \<  lutinis  subtereti- 
oblongis,  apice  curvatis  vix  (i-  (sub  1-)  loculatis,  foliolis  ovatis  mucronulatis  utrinque 
pilis  minutissimis  adpressis  sparsis. — Variat  seminbus  nunc  maculatis  majoribus 
minoribusve  (Kw.  boeriek  gedeh  &  leutiek)  nunc  immaculatis  albis  rugosis  s.  laevibus 
(  kw.  boddas  mengrcet  <i  lietjien)  aul  viridiusculis aut  uigris  (Kw.  hcedjoh  s.  hicdung). 

Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  M.  Trent),  director  of  the  Buitenzorg 
Botanical  Garden,  we  have  obtained  seeds  of  all  the  suits  now  grown 
there.  These  include  the  following  S.  P.  I.  Nos.:  21951  and  21953, 
with  black  shiny  seeds;  21952,  with  ash-colored  seeds;  2  1657,  marbled 
ash  and  brown;  2  1  l_l,  reddish  to  pinkish  gray,  more  or  less  marbled 
with   black  or  brown;  21955,  greenish  yellow  or  brownish,  clouded 

170 


Bui.  1 


Plate    VI. 


Cluster  of  Ripe  Pods  of  Fleshy-pod  Bean  iStizolobium  pachylobiumi 
Grown  at  McIntosh,  Fla. 

i'h-  natural  size.) 


Bui.  1  79,  Bureau  of   i  .,  U.  S.  Dopt.  of  Agi 


Plate  VII. 


Clusters  of  Green  Poos  of  Mauritius  Bean  iStizolobium  aterrimum',  S.  P.  I.  No. 
24922,  Grown  at  Gainesville,  Fla. 

third  muni 


STIZOLOBIUM    VELUTINUM.  21 

over  with  black, perhaps  the  same  as  21 124, but  with  discolored  seeds. 
There  was  also  found  in  some  asparagus  bean  seed  from  Buitenzorg 
a  variety  with  greenish-yellow  seeds,  No.  0840. 
Doctor  Treub  writes,  under  dale  of  April  26,  L909: 

The  three  varieties  described  by  Hasskarl,  (1)  "  Kwas  boeriek,  "  (2)  "  Kwas  hiedung,  " 
(3)  "Kwas  boddas,"  are  now  grown  in  our  botanical  garden  under  the  following 
nami  a    llassk.    var.,   (2)    Mucuna    capitata    var.    nigra,    (3) 

Mucuna  capitata  var.  alba.     The  subvariety  described  by  tlasskarl  with  rough  se< 
as  boddas  mengroel  "  i  seems  to  be  no  more  present. 

It  will  be  noticed,  however,  that  there  were  received  from  Buiten- 
zorg more  kinds  than  Doctor  Treub  mentions.  Of  these  S.  P.  I.  Nos. 
21955 and  0840 failed  to  germinate;  Nos.  2195]  and  21953,  with  Mack, 
shiny  seeds,  proved  to  be  identical  with  the  -Mauritius  bean;  No. 
21952,  with  ash-colored  seeds,  is  a  very  late  soil  with  purple  Mowers, 
but  the  pods  did  not  mature;  Nos.  24424  and  24657,  both  with 
marbled  seeds,  also  did  not  mature  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  or  Gainesville, 
Fla.,  hut  have  been  grown  to  maturity  in  the  greenhouse. 

Since  Hasskarl  in  his  first  description  referred  only  to  ''Kwas 
boddas,"  that  is  clearly  the  type  of  the  species.  It  will  he  noted  that 
in  the  lirsi  description  Hasskarl  states  that  this  has  white  (lowers. 
According  to  his  second  description,  Kwas  boddas  has  white  seeds, 
rough  in  one  form  and  smooth  in  the  other,  but  the  color  of  the 
flowers  is  not  mentioned. 

In  a  comparatively  recent  publication  from  the  Buitenzorg  Garden, 
Burck  (Annales  du  Jardin  Botanique  de  Buitenzorg,  1893,  vol.  11, 
p.  187)  considers  velutina  identical  with  utilis  and  reduces  both  it 
and  capitata  to  varieties  of  Mucuna  pruriens.  According  to  him, 
var.  utilis  (velutina  I  has  the  seeds  white,  fuscous,  or  fuscous-maculate. 
He  does  not  specify  the  color  of  the  seed  of  var.  capitata. 

None  of  the  kinds  that  we  have  secured  from  Buitenzorg  and  grown 
fulfills  these  conditions  of  white  flowers  and  white  seeds,  as  all  that 

W  had  purple  flowers  and  only  one  had  seeds  that  can  he  called 
white.  There  remains  S.  P.  I.  No.  0840,  with  greenish-yellow  seeds. 
This  seems  to  he  identical  with  S.  P.  I.  No.  25756,  received  from 
Mauritius,  and  that  does  have  white  (lowers.  This,  however,  would 
seem  to  hi  best  with  Hasskarl's  "Kwas  heedjoh,"  the  seeds  of  which  are 
described  as  greenish,  "viridiusculis." 

We  are  therefore  at  a,  loss  to  determine  the  identity  of  the  real 
Mucuna  velutina,  which  seemingly  is  not  contained  anion--  those 
grown   by   us,   unless  it    may   indeed   he  identical   with  Stizolobium 

■  im,  the  only  species  we  as  vet  know  with  white  (lowers  and  white 
Is. 

\  before  stated,  the  species  with  black,  shiny  seeds  proves  to  be 
the  same  as  the  Mauritius  bean.  The  two  kinds  with  mottled  seeds 
are  probably  distinct  species. 


1  \  DEX 


Page. 

Alkushi,  name  in  Bengal  of  Stizolobium  niveum 17 

Ashy-pod  bean      Se<  Stizolobium  cinereum. 

Baker,  classification  of  Mucuna  ni^rra 17 

f  Stizolobium 13 

dos,  cultivation  of  Mauritius  bean  for  green  manure -  L9 

Bean      See  th  ■  ■    ■  tal  name. 

Bengal  bean,  seed,  distribution  for  field  testing 8 

Set  also  Mauritius  bean  and  Stizolobium  aterrimum. 

cultivation  of  Stizolobium  niveum  and  use  as  food r>.  16 

Mn    K    S.,  work  on  species  of  Stizolobium 7,8 

Bovell,  John  R.,  statement  on  use   >l  Mauritius  bean  for  green  manure 19 

Brazil,  cultivation  of  Mauritius  bean 

Browne,  Patrick,  note  on  classification  of  Stizolobium  pruriens 8 

Buitenzorg  Botanical  Garden,  seeds  ol  Stizolobium 20,2] 

Burck,  classification  of  Stizolobium  velutina 21 

Burma,  cultivation  of  Stizolobium  niveum  and  use  as  food l(i 

i  nigra,  similarity  to  Stizolobium 13 

Calcutta,  Botanii  Garden,  cull  >lobium 13,14,15 

Carpopogon  capitatum.    See  Stizolobium  capitatum. 
niveum.     See  Si      1  bium  niveum. 

Ceylon,  seed  of  Stizolobium  niveum,  introduction  into  Unit               16 

China,  Stizolobium  seed,  introduction  into  I " ni t <-<  1  States l_> 

Cordemoy,  i  lassification  of  Stizolobium  utile 14 

Com  I  Stizolobium  pruriens. 

itch.     See  Stizolobium  pruriens 
Dolichos  pruriens.     .s'<,  Stizolobium  pruriens. 

orootoo,  synonym  of  Stizolobium  capitatum 13 

1  (rieberg,  <    ,  seed  of  Stizolobium  niveum 16 

Firminger,  statement  as  to  edibility  of  Stizolobium  niveum 17 

Fleshy-pod  bean      Se<  Stizolobium  pachylobium 

Florida.  Gainesville,  experimenl  Btation,  work  on  species  of  Stizolobium s.  13, 

15,  16,  17.  18,21 

velwt  Loan,  analytical  description 11 

characteristics 7 

classification 8 

length  of  season 7,  11 

:  distribution  throughout  world 12 

i.  feeding 7 

cription 9,14,  L6,  17.  21 

Food,  use  of  Stizolobium  beans 12,  l">.  16,  17.  18,  19,20 

io,  precaution Is 

Maj.  A.  T  .  seed  ol  Stizolobium 13,  L4,  15 

Gaitakill,  S.  II  .  stab  i               o  edibility  of  Stizolobium  pachylobium 20 

Germination,  seed,  Mucuna  and  Stizolobium,  differences s 

179  23 


24         FLORIDA  VELVET  BEAN  AND  RELATED  PLANTS. 

Page. 

Hairs,  stinging,  characteristic  of  certain  species  of  Stizolobium 9-10, 15 

Hart,  Dr.  J.  W.,  sender  of  seed  of  Stizolobium 7 

Hartless,  A.  C,  sender  of  seed  of  Stizolobium 13, 15 

Hassjoomame,  Japanese  name  for  Stizolobium  hassjoo 18 

Hasskarl,  description  of  Stizolobium  velutinum 9,  20 

Hawaii,  cultivation  of  Mauritius  bean 19 

Horse-eye  bean.     See  Stizolobium  aterrimum. 

India,  cultivation  of  species  of  Stizolobium 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 

native  species  of  Stizolobium ".     9-10 

Stizolobium  seed,  introduction  into  United  States 12, 16, 19 

use  of  Stizolobium  beans  for  food 9, 15, 16, 17 

Japan,  cultivation  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo 9, 17 

names  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo 18 

Kansas,  growing  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo  as  Mucuna  capitata 18 

Kennan,  A.  L.,  comment  on  seed  of  Stizolobium  pachylobium 19 

Khamach,  name  of  Stizolobium  niveum  in  Bengal 17 

Kwas  boddas,  type  of  Stizolobium  velutinum 21 

varieties,  description  by  Hasskarl,  vernacular  names  of  Stizolobium 21 

Leaflets,  Stizolobium,  description 8, 9, 11 

Leaves,  Mucuna,  description 8 

Stizolobium,  description 8,  9, 17 

Lyon  bean,  seed,  distribution  for  field  testing 8 

See  also  Stizolobium  niveum. 

W.  S.,  sender  of  seed  of  Mucuna  lyonii 7 

Manila,  source  of  introduction  of  Mucuna  lyonii  seed 7, 16 

Mauritius  bean,  seed,  description 14, 21 

distribution  for  field  testing 8 

similarity  to  Stizolobium  utile 14 

See  also  Bengal  bean  and  Stizolobium  aterrimum. 

cultivation  of  Mauritius  bean  and  use  for  food 14 

comparison  with  Florida  velvet  bean .        19 

Miquel,  classification  of  Stizolobium  capitatum 13 

Mississippi,  Biloxi,  field  work  on  species  of  Stizolobium 8, 13, 15, 16, 18,  21 

Mucuna  capitata.     See  Stizolobium  capitatum. 

genus,  characteristics 8 

hirsuta.     See  Stizolobium  hirsutum. 

keyensis,  seed,  germination 8 

lyonii,  seed  received  from  Mr.  W.  S.  Lyon,  1907 7 

See  also  Stizolobium  niveum. 
nivea.    See  Stizolobium  niveum. 
prurita.     See  Stizolobium  pruritum. 

seed,  germination  different  from  Stizolobium 8 

utilis,  original  name  of  Florida  velvet  bean 8 

See  also  Stizolobium  utile. 

velutina,  cultivation  in  Java 9 

See  also  Stizolobium  velutina. 

Pachyrhizus  angulatus,  similarity  to  Stizolobium  capitatum 13 

Philippines,  original  specimens  of  Mucuna  lyonii  seed 7, 16 

Pods,  species  of  Stizolobium,  description 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15,  20 

Stizolobium  pachylobium,  nondehiscing 20 

Reunion  Island,  growth  of  Mauritius  bean  and  use  for  food 14 

Rolfs,  Prof.  P.  II.,  test  as  to  edibility  of  the  Lyon  beau 17 

179 


INDEX.  25 

Page. 

Root-knot,  immunity  of  speciee  of  Stizolobium II 

Roxburgh,  description  ol  Stizolobium  capitatum L2 

oiveum 15-16 

Sabual,  Philippine  name  for  Lyon  bean 16 

Seed,  characti  re  ol  Mucuna  and  Stizolobium,  differences 8 

Florida  velvel  bean,  distribution  throughout  world 12 

germination,  Mucuna  compared  with  Stizolobium 8 

Mauritius  bean,  description 14,  21 

Stizolobium  capitatum,  introduction  from  British  India 13 

description 12,14,  16,  19,20,21 

distribution  [or  field  testing 8 

Seharanpur  Botanic  G                                               of  Stizolobium 13,15 

Siebold,  statement  about  Stizolobium  hassjoo 18 

Soorootc.i,  description  by  Roxburgh 12 

South  Carolina,  Monetta,  cultivation  of  Stizolobium  hassjoo 18 

Stipels,  Stizolobium,  description 9 

Stipules,  Stizolobium,  description 9 

Stizolobium,  anal]  tical  kej  to  species 10 

aterrimum,  analytical  description  and  comments is  19 

capitatum,  analytical  description  and  comments I-   l"> 

synonyms 13 

cinereum,  analytical  description  and  comments L5 

pubes<  ence  on  pods  objectionable 15 

deeringianum,  analytical  description  and  characteristics  of  growth.  11 

aame  given  to  Florida  velvet  bean 8 

See  also  Florida  velvet  bean. 

genus,  characteristics 8 

general  character 9-10 

hassjoo,  analytical  description  and  comments 17-18 

cultivation  in  Japan 9 

earliness  and  other  merits 18 

seed,  germination 8 

shorl  Beason  and  early  maturity 18 

hirsutum,  stinging  hairs  characteristic 10 

juice,  characti               lor 10 

oiveum,  analytical  description  and  comments 15-17 

food  use 15,  lti,  17 

superioritj  over  Florida  velvet  bean 17 

bylobium,  analj  tical  description  and  comments 19-20 

oondehiscing     characteristic,     value     in      cross- 
breeding   20 

ed,  distribution  for  field  testing 8 

use  for  food,  India 19 

pruriens,  classification 8 

in  and  characteristics 9 

stinging  hairs  characteristic 9 

typo  of  the  genus 9 

pruritum,  stinging  hairs  characteristic 10 

rs 8 

distribution  for  field  testing 8 

germination  different  from  Mucuna 8 

179 


26  FLORIDA   VELVET   BEAN    AND    RELATED    PLANTS. 

Page. 

Stizolobium,  species,  classification,  difficulties 8-9 

immunity  to  wilt  and  root-knot 11 

pod  differences 9 

stock  feed,  use 7, 15 

utile,  analytical  description  and  comments 14-15 

pubescence  on  pods  objectionable 15 

velutinum,  analytical  description  and  comments 20-21 

cultivation  in  Java 9 

varieties,  differences  in  seed  characters 9 

Stock,  live,  feed.     See  Stizolobium  species. 

Treub,  Dr.  M.,  sender  of  Stizolobium  seed 20-21 

Van  Dieman's  [Diemen's]  Land,  cultivation  of  Mauritius  bean  and  use  for  food.  14 

Vaughan,  J.  C,  Stizolobium  pachylobium  seed 19 

Voigt,  classification  of  Mauritius  bean 19 

Stizolobium  utile 14 

Wallich,  description  of  Stizolobium  utile 14 

Watt,  statement  about  names  of  cultivated  species  of  Stizolobium 16-17 

Wight  and  Arnott,  classification  of  species  of  Stizolobium 10, 13, 16 

identification  of  Stizolobium  capitatum 13 

description  of  Stizolobium  utile 14 

Wilt,  immunity  of  species  of  Stizolobium 11 

Yokohama  bean.     See  Stizolobium  hassjoo. 
179 

o 


mmm 


MARSTON  SCIENCE  LU 


[Continued  from  pace  2  of  cover  .J 

No.  IT.  KootDrups.    1907.     l'ii     . 

ins.  'i  ho  Co!.!  SI  ill  Fruits.  ints. 

,,.,    .  Drag  Plants.    1907.    Price,  io  cents. 

U3.  To  i"  Alkali  -  ents. 

11 1    Bap  i 

115.  Distal  Irlce> 10 cents. 

116.  ,[,<- 

117.  The  Reseed  "07.    Price,  io  cents. 

lis.    I 

I,,,    ,  1907.     Price,  in  cents. 

120    Produ  er  Lilv  Bulbs  in  !!»■  Un  cents. 

121.  ' 

Curly-Top,  a  Disease  of  Si  -     Price,  15  cents. 

-     1'rlce,  20  cents. 
121.  The  l'ii.  klv  . 

126.  Dry-L  ind  Olive  Culture  in  Northern  a:-  .  10  cents. 

126.  N  ureofthe  Pear.    \S 

127    The  Improvement  of  M  1908.     Price,  10  cents. 

128.  1  .'ton  in  the  Price,  15  cents. 

i  •■  of '':  e  l.i -\\         1 1  i  cents. 

130.  i  ents. 

;  1  ins     Price,  S  cents. 

134.  i  le  .Suits  upon  Leaf  Structure  and  Transpiration  of  Wheat,  Oats,  and  Barley. 

135.  Orchard  Fruits  In  Virginia  and  the  South  Attn  1908.    Price,  20cents. 

i  volution.    1908.    Price,  lOcents. 

i  <:   g is  an  li  Inventory]  Price,  10  cents. 

[38.   |  1908.    Price,  15  cents. 

iks.      19119.  'US. 

140  .lv  Pears.  Qts- 

111.  Mlscellane  i 

li"  Seeds  and  P!  ints  Lmpoi 

1 ,:;  i  19D9.    Price,  io  cents. 

1 1  i.    \i.p!.-  Blotcl  !  ' 

1 15.  \  i  Lmerica      1909.     Price,  15  cents 

Breeding.    1909.    Price,  10  cents. 
li:  1909.     Price,  5  cents. 

lis.  Seedsand  Plan  In  No.  16.    1909     Price,  lOcents. 

1 19.  i  ents. 

150.  Wild  Alfalfas  and  Clovers  of  Siberia: 

151.  i  mended  for  Cultivation.    1909.    Price,  15  cents. 
152.1                  i  of  Barley  and  Wheat.    1909.    Price,  15  cents. 

i     Price,  10  cents. 
154.  :  Price,  15  i 

l"..  Control  of  Bl  ick-Rol  of  the  Gi 

'    I 

15  cents. 

159.  L 

160.  Italian  Lemonsand  Tb  1909.     Prli  i 

161.  A  New  Type  of  Indian  Corn  from  China, 

162.  Seeds  hi  I  PI  mta  I  Price,  lOcents. 

164.  Promising  Root  I  ropsl  1910.    Pri 

165  909      Price,  lOcents. 

..     Price,  10 1 
167.  I  "is- 

i.'.s.  see  Is  ind  P!  ml    Imported.  1909.    Prici 

170.  Tr.ii  il. in  piowin  •  I 

171.  Some  ]  D  [In  press.] 
17-'.  Grape!               i  ns  in  \  inif. ■■                    |  in  press.] 

17;!.  Se  ison  il  Nitriflcatio  ,10  cents. 

171.  The  Control  ol  1910.     PrT  i 

17."..  The  Hlstorv  and  ] 

17'..  Seeds  and  PI  mtslmp  irti  1.    fnv< o 

177.   \  Prote  1910.    Pri 

i  mprorement  of  the  Wheat  Crop  In  California.    [In  press.] 

179 


